The possibilities are tantalizing.
Reishi mushrooms are a key ingredient in this eco-friendly building material.
Building materials made from mushrooms, more specifically fungi, may well portend a huge step forward for environmental sustainability and the elimination of toxic waste. The possibilities are enticing and exciting as companies on both coasts sign-on to develop multiple aspects of this new technology. Building materials made from mushrooms are resilient, sustainable, recyclable, non-toxic, flame-resistant (no fire retardants required), insulating, bullet-proof, waterproof, petrochemical-free, and, of course, organic. Made from fungi, they are self-binding, negating the need for toxic glues, can be painted, and are compostable when no longer needed.
Mycelium from the reishi mushroom. Photo: ecovativedesign.com
Who came up with the idea?
Over 20 years ago, artist Philip Ross, a Stanford graduate and current assistant professor at the University of California, began experimenting with materials made from mushrooms. His first notable venture into building with mushrooms was a teahouse made from reishi mushroom bricks, which he later boiled down into tea for gallery visitors. With continuing success, Ross co-founded MycoWorks, one of many companies focused on developing a plethora of products (including apparel) made from fungi, which MycoWorks calls “the industrial material of the future.”
Philip Ross holding a reishi mushroom. Photo © Mike Koozmin/The S.F. Examiner
How does it work?
In essence, the fungi do the work; they are the manufacturing process. The roots of mushrooms, called mycelium, form an interwoven network that feeds on organic waste and can be molded into practically any shape. Grown in rectangular boxes with an organic substance to feed on, such as sawdust or cornhusks, the mycelium will proliferate and form bricks. The process takes days or a couple of weeks depending on the desired density. Each brick is then dried to kill the organism, otherwise it will continue to grow and, yes, produce mushrooms.
Experiments at Philadelphia University showed that different growing conditions do affect outcomes. For example, more moisture and less air will produce denser material. Different molds produce different products, including custom packing materials that are replacing Styrofoam (which takes 500 years to biodegrade), as well as applications in the automotive industry and for the manufacture of surfboards and more.
The aesthetic effect of the new material is another factor in its favor not lost on The Living, an architectural team that built a 40-foot tower of mushroom bricks—installed at MOMA PS1 as the winner of the Young Architects Program competition and centerpiece for the venue’s 2014 summer Warm Up concerts. Based on an idea floated by Ecovative, a research company focused on developing the uses of mycelium, the team worked with structural engineers Arup to make sure the tower, consisting of 10,000 bricks, was sound. Three different molds were used, filled with organic matter and fungi spores, and it took about five days to create the inexpensive and efficient bricks.
MOMA PS1 in New York. Photo © A Frame
MOMA PS1 in New York. Photo © A Frame
Fungi as literally the building material of the future is an agenda to be watched, and just in case you would like to dabble in this new technology Ecovative has made that possible with their Grow-It-Yourself kits.
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